Nowanup Systems, 2021 –

– Country-centred design principles

– 3D-Printed local, natural materials

– Integrated systems for food/waste/energy

At an estimated <20% of the cost of constructing typical prefabricated buildings (Erith, 2021g), it is proposed the revolution of mass-customisable 3D-printed earthen structures compels the development of a novel architectural language.

Across the world, First Nations knowledges are being translated and applied to a myriad of social and environmental design challenges. It is proposed the scope and methodology for this project will be grounded on the Indigenous design principles, ‘functional sophistication’, ‘environmental sustainability’, and ‘storytelling’ (Page, Memmott, & Neale, 2021, p. 156).

With the potential to resolve as authentic cultural artefacts, it is envisaged 3D-printed earthen structures can enhance connection between cultures, people and places, and support self-determination for communities marginalised and/or displaced.

3D-printing with ubiquitous earth can “help address major architectural design concerns of our time, including environmental sustainability and economic resilience”, and further, gives architects the freedom to “fundamentally rethink how, what, and why they build” (Bañón & Raspall, 2020, p. 127).

This project is intended to be part of the [foundational] global development of design and materiality for a low cost, net-zero 3D-printed earthen architecture. Within an Australian context, it is proposed the development of a poetic, resonant architectural language will be synthesised through the sharing of stories and understanding, between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people.

“In order to understand the phenomena surrounding a new technology, we must open the question of design—the interaction between understanding and creation. In speaking here of design, we are not restricting our concern to the methodology of conscious design.” (Winograd, Flores, & Flores, 1986, p. 4).

The notion of ‘unconscious’ design could be considered a challenge to Naturalism, specifically, the theory that only natural forces operate in the universe, that is to say, those currently understood by science. By extension, unrestricted by the conscious mind and Naturalism more broadly, one can consider the premise that elements once considered supernatural and/or metaphysical, could be ‘harnessed’ as context and stimuli for an evolution of architectural design.

Derived from Naturalism, Modern Theory is expressed in modern settlement and building design. With the aim of increasing livings standards, as with other industrialised sectors, for example agriculture, most modern buildings are the result of unsustainable material extraction, processing, and waste. As eminent Information Ethicist, Luciano Floridi argues “naturalism can no longer provide an appropriate way of approaching our responsibilities, opportunities, and limits as careful and respectful creators of our understanding of the world, of ourselves within it, and of the ways in which we shape both" (Floridi, 2019, p. 68). Going forward, he proposes following a theory of ‘non-naturalism’, manifest as ‘realist constructivism’, with which I concur given its alignment with First Nations practices and design principles.

This project is commencing during what is arguably a pivotal moment in the evolution of Australian design. In the recently published draft of ‘Design, Building on Country’1, Alison Page outlines the three guiding Principles of Indigenous Design, ‘environmental sustainability’, ‘functional sophistication’, and ‘storytelling’ (Page, Memmott, & Neale, 2021, p. 156).

3D-Printed Earthen Architecture

Liberated from the onerous labour-intensity of traditional natural building technologies, 3D-printed earthen structures are low-cost, efficient, and mass-customisable.

Scalable and adaptable to culture, conditions and change, this net-zero building technology gives us an opportunity to rethink where and why, what and how communities [re]build.

Research Site

Nowanup Bush Campus, Gondwana Link’s pioneering on-Country education facility, operated in partnership with Curtin University. The Campus is located within the Transition Zone of the Fitzgerald Biosphere Reserve, an integral part of the UNESCO ‘Man and the Biosphere Programme’.

Design Outcomes

Iterative, co-creative, hybrid physical/digital praxis to resolve as three ‘cultural artefacts’:

a. Totem
b. Meeting place
c. Dwelling (regenerative)

NB: Dwelling program/systems to integrate food growing, energy generation, water storage, and waste management.